Thanks! Those two images beside each other are extremely helpful.
Yes, at the time I researched advanced alien phaser technology I already had laser Mk 1, and I assume lasers are considered to be energy based (as light definitely is energy rather than ballistic).
The problem with the alien overview is that you've got the 8 images, which are what I would expect most people are drawn to, and that contains a single operator image. Then there's a listing of all the operator sub types in the text, but I do not find it intuitively obvious that a light scout operator might give different info from a medium scout operator, for instance, as a load text tells me not to worry about missing info from lesser peers (and it obviously doesn't help that there's no text at all in the research reports, currently, at least not for the 3 operators I've got so far). Thus, I realized that the operators were different only when I did get multiple operator interrogation options on the research screen, which was a little late (things are vastly different after restarting, as I apparently have learnt a fair bit).